Cold War Era

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Cold War Era: 1945 - 1990
The articles in this section on United States History for Kids relate to the dates covered from 1945 - 1990: Cold War Era and the Space Race. The spread of Communism sparked the Cold War and the country watched as the
McCarthy Witch hunts took place. The fight against Communism saw the country become involved in the Korean War, the Vietnam War and the Cuban Missile Crisis. Americans were concerned about the Russians launching Sputnik and the Space race began. NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) was established and America landed the first man on the moon.

The issue of Civil Rights was also dominant with the fight for equal rights for Black Americans, women. The nation was rocked by the assassination of Malcolm X, Martin Luther King, John F. Kennedy and Robert Kennedy. The leaders of the country who were elected president during the turbulent Cold War Era, and helped to make United States History, were Harry S. Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan.

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Cold War Era: United States History from 1945 - 1990
Find interesting facts, history and important information about United States History from 1945 - 1990 in the Cold War Era with a short summary and definition followed by detailed info about each of these important historical events.

Cold War Era: United States History from 1945 - 1990
This article about the Cold War Era in United States History is presented in a unique way by linking the most famous events in the Cold War era of 1945 - 1990 with the presidents who were in power during the time when these important events in American history occurred. An easy way to discover facts, dates and information about the Important historical events in each of the Presidencies that occured during the Cold War Era of United States history that spanned from 1945 - 1990.

President Harry S. Truman and the Cold War Era: United States History from 1945 - 1990
Important events in United States History during the presidency of Harry S Truman includes the Potsdam Conference, The Cold War, The Truman Doctrine, The Roswell UFO Incident, The NATO Treaty, McCarthy Witch hunts and the Korean War - United States History for Kids:

Cold War Era: United States History from 1945 - 1990
Harry S. Truman Presidency (1945-1949) & (1949-1953)

President Harry S Truman: Facts, biography, accomplishments and biography of the life of Harry S Truman and summaries of important events during his presidency.

The Cold War: Overview of the Cold War - Origins, causes, presidents and main events

Cold War Timeline: History Timeline with important dates and events during the Cold War

New Innovations: Timeline of New Innovations with important dates and inventions during the Cold War

Baby Boomers: The 77 million babies born between 1946 - 1964, referred to as the Baby Boomers.

Bikini Atoll: Operation Crossroads and the Atomic tests at Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands

Cold War Arms Race: The Atomic Bomb, the hydrogen bomb and intercontinental ballistic missiles

Cold War Space Race: Sputnik, First Humans in Space and the First Man on the Moon

Space Race Timeline: Sputnik, First Humans in Space and the First Man on the Moon

Cold War Events (1945 - 1947): Definition and Summary of the major Cold War Events (1945 - 1947)

Cold War Events (1948 - 1955): Definition and Summary of the major Cold War Events (1948 - 1955)

Cold War Events (1956 - 1961): Definition and Summary of the major Cold War Events (1956 - 1961)

Cold War Events (1968 - 1991): Definition and Summary of the major Cold War Events (1968 - 1991)

The Potsdam Conference: The Potsdam Conference  began on 17 July 17, 1945 and ended on August 2, 1945

United Nations (UN): The founding of the United Nations (UN) on 24 October 1945

The Iron Curtain: The "Iron Curtain" separating the West with the communist countries of the East

The Truman Doctrine: Truman Doctrine pledged to support other countries in their struggle against communism

The Marshall Plan: The Marshall Plan of June 1947 - a US-financed relief package to European nations after WW2

Roswell UFO Incident: Roswell New Mexico UFO incident

Containment: The United States policy of Containment restricting the spread of communism abroad

The Domino Theory: The Domino Theory speculated that if a region came under communism, others would follow.

Berlin Blockade: The Berlin blockade by the Soviets closed the entry points to the Western zones of Berlin

Berlin Airlift: The Berlin airlift was a rescue mission to keep West Berlin alive despite the Soviet blockade

Mao Zedong: Mao Zedong and the Cultural Revolution in China

Korean War: Facts and timeline of the Korean War (June 25, 1950 - July 27, 1953).

NATO: The NATO Treaty was a mutual Defense pact aimed at containing Soviet expansion

McCarthyism: McCarthyism - The Joe McCarthy Witch hunts

Loyalty Review Program: Loyalty Review Program screened federal employees for loyalty during the second Red Scare

HUAC: House of Un-American Activities Committee and Communist Witch Hunt

Alger Hiss: Alger Hiss accused by Whitaker Chambers as being a Communist

Taft Hartley Act: The 1947 Taft Hartley Act, a major revision of the 1935 Wagner Act

CONELRAD: CONELRAD (1951) - Nuclear Attack Alerts

Twenty-second Amendment: 22nd Amendment stating that a person may not be elected President more than twice.

Cold War Era: United States History from 1945 - 1990 - Harry Truman Presidency (1945-1949) & (1949-1953)

President Dwight D. Eisenhower and the Cold War Era: United States History from 1945 - 1990
Important events in United States History during the presidency of Dwight D Eisenhower (January 20, 1953 to January 20, 1961) includes the SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization), The Warsaw Pact, NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) and the Eisenhower Doctrine - United States History for Kids:

Cold War Era: United States History from 1945 - 1990
Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidency (1953-1957) & (1957-1961)

President Dwight Eisenhower: Facts, biography, accomplishments and biography of the life of Dwight Eisenhower and summaries of important events during his presidency.

Cold War Events (1948 - 1955): Definition and Summary of the major Cold War Events (1948 - 1955)

Sputnik: Sputnik was the first artificial satellite to orbit Earth, launched by the USSR on October 4, 1957

Warsaw Pact: The 1955 Warsaw Pact was signed by the Soviets and its 7 communist 'satellite nations'

NASA : NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) created in 1958

NASA Timeline: The NASA timeline provides the dates and facts about the events and people involved in Space exploration

The Vietnam War: The Vietnam War (November 1, 1955 – April 30, 1975) begins during the Cold War era

Vietnam War Timeline: The Vietnam War timeline featuring important dates and events

Ho Chi Minh: Ho Chi Minh was the leader of the North Vietnamese Army and the Viet Cong during the Vietnam War.

Ngo Dinh Diem: Ngo Dinh Diem was anti-communist, US-backed leader of South Vietnam during the Vietnam War

Ho Chi Minh Trail: The Ho Chi Minh Trail was designed to get supplies and troops into Southern Vietnam

SEATO: SEATO, the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, was formed Southeast Asian version of NATO

U-2 Incident: U-2 spy plane Incident involving Gary Powers

Area 51: Facts about the top secret Military base in Nevada

Interstate Highway System: The Interstate Highway System began a new road culture and the automobile society

The Eisenhower Doctrine: The Eisenhower Doctrine in response to the Suez Crisis

The Civil Rights Movement: The Civil Rights Movement

Civil Rights Movement Timeline: The Civil Rights Movement timeline details important people, places and events

Civil Rights Movement Facts: Facts, people, places, events and Information

Brown vs Board of Education: Brown vs Board of Education - NAACP lawyer Thurgood Marshall wins against school segregation

Montgomery Bus Boycott: The Montgomery Bus Boycott, the protest against segregation on buses

Rosa Parks: Facts and Biography of Rosa Parks

Martin Luther King Jr.: Facts and Biography of Martin Luther King Jr.

The SCLC: Facts on the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

Little Rock Nine: The Little Rock Nine crisis re the admission of 9 African American students to Central High

Civil Rights Act of 1957: The Civil Rights Act of 1957 was intended to protect the right of African Americans to vote

The SNCC: The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) founded in April 1960

Pop Art: The Pop Art movement began in America

Cold War Era: United States History from 1945 - 1990
Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidency (1953-1957) & (1957-1961)

President John F. Kennedy and the Cold War Era: United States History from 1945 - 1990
Important events in United States History during the presidency of John F Kennedy (January 20,1961 to November 22, 1963) includes the Bay of Pigs and the Cuban Missile Crisis - United States History for Kids:

Cold War Era: United States History from 1945 - 1990
John F. Kennedy Presidency (1961-1963)

President John F Kennedy: Facts, biography, accomplishments and biography of the life of John F Kennedy and summaries of important events during his presidency.

Cold War Events (1956 - 1961): Definition and Summary of the major Cold War Events (1956 - 1961)

The Vietnam War: The Vietnam War (November 1, 1955 – April 30, 1975) continues

Ngo Dinh Diem: The overthrow of Ngo Dinh Diem

Ho Chi Minh: Ho Chi Minh leader of the North Vietnamese Army and the Viet Cong during the Vietnam War.

Agent Orange: In 1962 Operation Ranch Hand began  involving chemical warfare using Agent Orange

Bay of Pigs Invasion: CIA-backed Cuban exiles, launched a botched invasion at the Bay of Pigs in Cuba.

Cuban Missile Crisis: The crisis that brought the world to the brink of nuclear war.

Space Race: Space Race - JFK announces the space program to reach the moon

Second Wave Feminism: The Women’s Rights Movement Reawakens Second Wave Feminism

Equal Pay Act of 1963: The 1963 Equal Pay Act

The Peace Corps: The Peace Corps was established by John F. Kennedy “promote world peace and friendship”

Twenty-third Amendment : 23rd Amendment giving the people in the District of Columbia the right to vote for President.

The Freedom Riders: The first Freedom Riders boarded their buses in May 1961

Letter from Birmingham Jail: MLK was imprisoned in the Birmingham Campaign and wrote the letter from Birmingham jail.

Letter from Birmingham jail Text: Text of the letter from Birmingham jail.

March on Washington: The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom on August 28, 1963

10 Demands of the March on Washington: Details of the 10 Demands of the March on Washington

JFK Assassination: President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas, on November 22, 1963

Cold War Era: United States History from 1945 - 1990 - John F. Kennedy Presidency (1961-1963)

President Lyndon B. Johnson and the Cold War Era: United States History from 1945 - 1990
Important events in United States History during the presidency of Lyndon B Johnson (November 22, 1963 to January 20, 1969) includes the Vietnam War, The Civil Rights Act, The Voting Rights Act and the Pueblo Incident - United States History for Kids:

Cold War Era: United States History from 1945 - 1990
Lyndon B. Johnson Presidency (1963-1965) & (1965-1969)

President Lyndon B Johnson: Facts, biography, accomplishments and biography of the life of Lyndon Johnson and summaries of important events during his presidency.

Cold War Events (1968 - 1991): Definition and Summary of the major Cold War Events (1968 - 1991)

The Vietnam War: The Vietnam War (November 1, 1955 – April 30, 1975) continues

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution: The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was passed on August 2, 1964

My Lai Massacre: The My Lai Massacre saw the mass killing of unarmed Vietnamese people by American troops

Tet Offensive: The Tet Offensive, a massive surprise attack, was launched by the Vietnamese

Great Society: The Great Society was the vision of LBJ

Clean Air Act: The Clean Air Act of 1963 established funding for the clean-up of air pollution

National Organization for Women: The National Organization for Women (NOW) was established in 1966

NOW Statement of Purpose: Text of NOW Statement of Purpose

The Hippie Counterculture: Counterculture 1964-1972, the era of Flower Power, hippies, the student movement

The Civil Rights Act of 1964: Civil Rights Act of 1964 aimed at ending segregation and racial discrimination.

EEOC: Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) was established

Selma March: The Selma Freedom March from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama

The Voting Rights Act of 1965: The Voting Rights Act of 1965 to prevent discrimination and protect voting rights.

The Watts Riots: The Watts Riots broke out in an African American neighborhood in Los Angeles.

Black Power: The people and events of the Black Power movement

Malcolm X: Facts and Biography of Malcolm X, a symbol for the black power movement

Nation of Islam: The Nation of Islam, the Black Muslims, who were led by Elijah Muhammad

Black Panthers: Black Panthers, est. 1966 preached black power, black nationalism and economic self-sufficiency.

MLK Assassination: Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. on April 4, 1968

Hare Krishna: The Hare Krishna movement emerged during the Hippie Counterculture era of the 1960's

Beatlemania: The Beatles arrived at New York's JFK airport on February 7, 1964

Twenty-fourth Amendment: 24th Amendment making it illegal to make anyone pay a tax to have the right to vote.

Twenty-fifth Amendment: Changing what happens if a President or Vice President dies, resigns, or is unable to do the job.

Cold War Era: United States History from 1945 - 1990
Lyndon B. Johnson Presidency (1963-1965) & (1965-1969)

President Richard Nixon and the Cold War Era: United States History from 1945 - 1990
Important events in United States History during the presidency of Richard Nixon (January 20, 1969 to August 9, 1974) includes the SALT Agreement (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks) Watergate Break-in and the 26th Amendment added to the Constitution - United States History for Kids:

Cold War Era: United States History from 1945 - 1990
Richard Nixon Presidency (1969-1974)

President Richard Nixon: Facts, biography, accomplishments and biography of the life of Richard Nixon and summaries of important events during his presidency.

Cold War Events (1968 - 1991): Definition and Summary of the major Cold War Events (1968 - 1991)

The Vietnam War: The Vietnam War (November 1, 1955 – April 30, 1975) continues

Vietnamization: Nixon promotes 'Vietnamization' aimed at achieving “peace with honor” in the Vietnam War

Kent State Shooting: 4 students shot dead at Kent State University by Ohio National Guardsmen on May 4, 1970

The Pentagon Papers: Pentagon Papers were leaked March 1971 revealing that the US government had been dishonest

End of the Vietnam War: The End of the Vietnam War (November 1, 1955 – April 30, 1975)

Detente: The Establishment of Detente

SALT Treaty: The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT), resulted in the SALT Treaty

The 26th Amendment: 26th Amendment giving 18-year-olds the right to vote.

Arab-Israeli Conflict: History timeline of the Arab-Israeli Conflict

Clean Air Act: The extension to the Clean Air Act in 1970 and the establishment of the EPA

EPA: The establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Earth Day: The Goals, History and Origins of the first Earth Day

Earth Day History: The History and Origins of Earth Day

Earth Day Quiz: Earth Day Quiz - fun, interesting questions and answers

Roe v Wade: The 1973 Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade regarding abortions

The Watergate Scandal: The conspiracy and cover-up of the Watergate Break-in

Cold War Era: United States History from 1945 - 1990 - Richard Nixon Presidency (1969-1974)

President Gerald Ford and the Cold War Era: United States History from 1945 - 1990
Important events in United States History during the presidency of Gerald Ford (August 9, 1974 to January 20, 1977) includes the Richard Nixon Pardoned, The Helsinki Agreement, Privacy Act of 1974 and the Energy Policy Conservation Act - United States History for Kids:

Cold War Era: United States History from 1945 - 1990
Gerald Ford Presidency (1974-1977)

President Gerald Ford: Facts, biography, accomplishments and biography of the life of Gerald Ford and summaries of important events during his presidency.

Cold War Events (1968 - 1991): Definition and Summary of the major Cold War Events (1968 - 1991)

Stagflation: A combination of economic stagnation, rising prices and inflation

Khmer Rouge: The Khmer Rouge (1975-1979) regime of Pol Pot in Cambodia and the SS Mayaguez Incident

Helsinki Accords: The Helsinki Accords dealt with three main issues of cooperation, security and human rights.

Privacy Act of 1974: Provide safeguards against the invasion of personal privacy through the misuse of data

Cold War Era: United States History from 1945 - 1990 - Gerald Ford Presidency  (1974-1977)

President Jimmy Carter and the Cold War Era: United States History from 1945 - 1990
Important events in United States History during the presidency of Jimmy Carter (January 20, 1977 to January 20, 1981) includes the Three Mile Island Incident, Iran Hostage Crisis, The Iran-Iraq War and the Carter Doctrine - United States History for Kids:

Cold War Era: United States History from 1945 - 1990
Jimmy Carter Presidency (1977-1981)

President Jimmy Carter: Facts, biography, accomplishments and biography of the life of Jimmy Carter and summaries of important events during his presidency.

Three Mile Island Accident: The most serious accident in U.S. commercial nuclear power plant operating history

Camp David Accords: Peace talks between Egypt and Israel mediated by Jimmy Carter

Iran Hostage Crisis: Militants stormed the United States Embassy in Teheran and took 53 American hostages.

Cold War Era: United States History from 1945 - 1990 - Jimmy Carter Presidency (1977-1981)

President Ronald Reagan and the Cold War Era: United States History from 1945 - 1990
Important events in United States History during the presidency of Ronald Reagan (January 20, 1981 to January 20, 1989) includes Irangate - the Iran-Contra Scandal, Glasnost, The Granada invasion, The Stark incident and the Space Shuttle - United States History for Kids:

Cold War Era: United States History from 1945 - 1990
Ronald Reagan Presidency (1981 - 1989)

President Ronald Reagan: Facts, biography, accomplishments and biography of the life of Ronald Reagan and summaries of important events during his presidency.

Reaganomics: The economic policies introduced during the Reagan administration

Reagan Assassination Attempt: Facts about the Reagan Assassination Attempt perpetrated by John Hinckley Jr.

John Hinckley Letter to Jodie Foster: Facts Words and text of the John Hinckley Letter to Jodie Foster

Irangate - the Iran-Contra Scandal: The foreign policies of President Ronald Reagan led to the scandal known as Irangate.

Glasnost: The policy of Glasnost was used by Mikhail Gorbachev to bring reforms to the Soviet Union

Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars): Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars)

Cold War Era: United States History from 1945 - 1990 - Ronald Reagan Presidency  (1981 - 1989)

Crash Course in American History: Summaries of Events in the Cold War Era
A fast overview, or crash course in American History, during the Cold War Era can be obtained from the interesting and important articles on United States History for Kids that can be found in the section. There are summaries and definitions of the key historical events for each of the presidencies of the Cold War Era from 1945 - 1990.

United States History for Kids: Video of US Presidents
The articles in the Cold War section of the United States History for Kids website provides historical facts and information about the important historical events that occurred from 1945 - 1990. The following video will give you additional important facts, history and dates about the personal and political lives of all the US Presidents of the New Nation Era, adding to your knowledge of United States History.

Cold War Era: 1945 - 1990

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