SNCC Facts
for kids
The following fact
sheet contains interesting information, history and
facts on SNCC for kids.
SNCC
Facts for kids
SNCC
Facts - 1:
Background History: The “separate but
equal” doctrine of the
1896 Plessy vs.
Ferguson Case ruled that
racial segregation was constitutional and valid, as long as the facilities
provided for whites and blacks were roughly equal. The ruling led to
the introduction of the infamous
segregation of the
Jim
Crow Laws.
SNCC
Facts -
2:
Background History: The
Civil Rights movement was galvanized into action when
the Supreme Court dismissed the "separate but
equal" arguments in
1954 Brown vs Board of Education
of Topeka and ruled that segregation
was prohibited by the
Constitution.
SNCC
Facts - 3:
Background History: Civil Rights
activists in the NAACP and the SCLC helped to organize the
successful protest against segregation on buses in the
1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott
and in 1957 the Little Rock Nine
made a stand for the de-segregation of schools.
SNCC
Facts - 4: President Eisenhower responded to the quest for
se-segregation and equality by passing the
Civil Rights Act of 1957, to protect the right of
African Americans to vote.
SNCC
Facts - 5: Times were changing and young African Americans
were motivated to join the struggle
against racial
discrimination and segregation that separated white and black Americans in
relation to housing, voting education, transport, rest rooms and restaurants.
SNCC
Facts - 6: The founding of
the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was
sparked on February 1, 1960 when four black students
from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College
in Greensboro, North Carolina walked into the F. W.
Woolworth store and sat down at the segregated lunch
counter.
SNCC
Facts - 7: The Greensboro
students, whose names were Joseph McNeil, Ezell Blair,
Jr., David Richmond, and Franklin McCain, were refused
service but they kept their seats.
SNCC
Facts - 8: Their form of
Lunch counter protest against segregation, known as the
Greensboro sit-in, spread throughout the South resulting
in a massive boycott of stores with segregated lunch
counters.
SNCC
Facts -
9: The spontaneous
action of the four Greensboro students attracted huge
support. The next day, February 2, 1960, 29 more
students joined the sit-in and by the end of the week
300 students were participating in the protest.
SNCC
Facts - 10: The Greensboro
Sit-Ins began a new mass movement for Civil Rights. In
just two months the Student Sit-Ins spread across 54
cities in the states of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida,
Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri,
North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Texas and
Virginia.
SNCC
Facts -
11: The Sit-In
movement saw students start protests at segregated lunch
counters, restaurants, movie theaters, stores, hotels
and swimming pools.
SNCC
Facts - 12: The Sit-Ins provided a way for
students to make their own types of protests and motivated them to
join the struggle for Civil Rights. Many students had become
disillusioned at the slow pace of integration and saw the sit-ins as
a way to take protests into their own hands.
SNCC
Facts - 13: The spontaneous, disorganized
nature of the Sit-In movement concerned the leaders of the NAACP and
the SCLC. There were fears that the peaceful protests of young,
undisciplined students could easily erupt into violence. Students at
sit-ins were attacked and intimidated - but the vast majority
refused to fight back, adhering to their doctrine of peaceful
demonstrations.
SNCC
Facts - 14: The rapid spread and the
growing support of the Sit-In movement made student leaders realize
that the efforts of students needed to be coordinated.
SNCC
Facts - 15: The Student
Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was founded on
April 16, 1960 by Ella Baker, a Civil rights activist
who had worked for the NAACP and executive director of
the SCLC. The founding of the SNCC was to transform the
limited student movement to desegregate lunch counters
to achieving major social reforms.
SNCC
Facts - 16: 55 year old Ella
Baker walked out of an SCLC meeting refusing to be a
part of a motion that students become the youth wing of
the SCLC. She believed that the students should
structure their own movement, if that is what they
wanted to do.
SNCC
Facts - 17: On April 17, 1960
Ella Baker invited student leaders to attend a
convention at Shaw University in Raleigh, North
Carolina.
The students decided not to become apart of SCLC and set
up a temporary Student Non-violent Coordinating
Committee at Shaw University which would become the
multi-racial SNCC.
SNCC
Facts - 18: The first official
meeting of the SNCC was held in Atlanta, Georgia on May
13, 1960. The early leaders of the SNCC included Julian
Bond, Marion Barry, Jesse Jackson, John Lewis, Robert
Moses, Stokely Carmichael, Chuck McDew, J. Charles
Jones, Diane Nash, James Forman, Bernie Sanders and Ruby
Doris Smith-Robinson.
Continued...
SNCC
Facts for kids
Facts
about the SNCC for kids
The following fact
sheet continues with facts about SNCC.
SNCC
Facts for kids
SNCC
Facts - 19: The aim of the
early leaders of the SNCC was to coordinate the efforts
of their student members to de-segregate public
facilities across the southern states. The majority of
SNCC members were black but white members also played a
significant role.
SNCC
Facts -
20: Communication between its members
played a vital role in coordinating the efforts of the
SNCC. In June 1960 the SNCC released the first Student
Voice Newspaper. By 1961 the SNCC had organized hundreds
of students to participate in sit-ins across over 100
southern cities.
SNCC
Facts -
21: Julian Bond helped
co-found the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
while he was a student at Morehouse College in Atlanta.
Julian Bond served as the communications director of SNCC from January 1961 to September 1966 and helped to
organize civil rights and voter registration drives.
SNCC
Facts -
22: In his role as the
communications director of SNCC, the charismatic Julian
Bond alerted the media to the stories of violence and
discrimination as the SNCC challenged legal segregation
in the South’s public facilities.
SNCC
Facts -
23: Between 1961 and
1965 the SNCC broadened their scope and strategies. The
Sit-ins were followed by campaigns aimed at encouraging
African Americans to vote and the organizing the famous
Freedom Rides.
SNCC
Facts -
24: The members and
volunteers of the SNCC played a vital role in organizing
and participating in the famous
Freedom Rides. One of
the early leaders of the SNCC, John Lewis, was one of
the first Freedom Riders and was violently attacked in
Rock Hill, SC. The First
March
from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama that took
place on March 7, 1965 was also organized by John Lewis
SNCC
Facts -
25: During the summer
of 1961 over 300 Civil Rights activists became Freedom
Riders. On September 23, 1961 Attorney General, Robert
Kennedy instructed the
Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
to issue new rules that ended discrimination in interstate
travel.
SNCC
Facts -
26: On August 28, 1963
members of the SNCC participation in the
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in which SNCC leader
John Lewis was a keynote speaker
SNCC
Facts -
27: Robert Moses an
SNCC volunteer in New York made the observation that the
SNCC was concentrating its efforts in the urban, city
areas. Robert Moses also wanted to help African
Americans in the rural areas of the south and his
attention was drawn to the problems of African Americans
whose attempts to register to vote were often met with
violence and intimidation..
SNCC
Facts -
28: Robert Moses
established the Voter Education Program (VEP) in April
1962 to organize voter registration drives in the South.
The Voter Education Program (VEP) attracted private
contributions to the civil rights struggle and by the
end of 1964 VEP grants totaled almost $900,000.
SNCC
Facts -
29: The efforts of the
Voter Education Program (VEP) were met with violence and
intimidation by white supremacists. Volunteers were
beaten and their lives were threatened and many were
arrested.
SNCC
Facts -
30: Those who
registered to vote were also threatened and intimidated.
Fannie Lou Hamer was evicted from her home on a
plantation in Ruleville, Mississippi when the owner, W.D.
Marlow, became aware that she had registered to vote in August 1962.
SNCC
Facts -
31: In June 1964,
Fannie Lou Hamer went on to become
one of the leaders of the Freedom Summer Campaign in an
attempt to register as many African-American voters as possible in
Mississippi, which had historically excluded most blacks from
voting.
SNCC
Facts -
32: On June 21, 1964,
James Chaney, Michael Schwerner and Andrew Goodman,
participants in the Freedom Summer campaign were
murdered by members of the
Ku Klux
Klan (KKK).
SNCC
Facts -
33: Despite the
threats, violence and intimidation nearly 800,000 new
black southern voters were added to the electoral rolls
by the end of 1964.
SNCC
Facts -
34: On December 27,
1965, due to growing militancy born of disillusionment,
the SNCC excluded white members. Stokely Carmichael
declared that "emphasis must be irrevocably on blackness
and black people".
SNCC
Facts -
35: In 1966 the SNCC
split into two factions - nonviolence vs. Black Power.
The Black Power movement
was led by leaders such as Stokely Carmichael and
emphasized racial pride and African Heritage.
The Black Power movement also included organizations such as the
Black Panthers who advocated the
strategy of violent revolution by African Americans.
SNCC
Facts -
36: In 1969 the
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
officially changed its name to the Student National
Coordinating Committee to reflect the broadening of its
strategies.
SNCC
Facts -
37:
The rise of the militants and black revolutionaries
effectively ended the power of the SNCC movement by the
beginning of the 1970's
SNCC
Facts for kids
SNCC - President Dwight Eisenhower Video
The article on the SNCC provides detailed facts and a summary of one of the important events during his presidential term in office. The following
Dwight Eisenhower video will
give you additional important facts and dates about the political events experienced by the 34th American President whose presidency spanned from January 20, 1953 to January 20, 1961.
SNCC
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Facts about the SNCC for kids and schools
●
Summary of the SNCC in US history
●
The SNCC, a major
event in US history
●
Dwight Eisenhower from January 20, 1953 to January 20, 1961
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Fast, fun facts about the SNCC
●
Foreign & Domestic
policies of President Dwight Eisenhower
● Dwight Eisenhower Presidency and
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