Map of
War of 1812 |
War of 1812 for kids: Map
The War of 1812 was fought between the
British and the Americans on four fronts in the
continent of North America:
● The Atlantic
Coast
● The
American-Canadian border
● The Gulf Coast
● The American West
War of 1812 for kids: Map
The War of 1812 also featured numerous ship-to-ship
naval battles at sea, most of which were fought in the
Atlantic. Refer to the War of 1812 map to understand the
plan of campaign.
War of 1812 for kids: Map and Plan of Campaign
The American
plan of campaign for the War of 1812 was that:
● General
William Hull would invade Canada from Detroit in Michigan
● A second
force was to cross the Niagara River that flows north from Lake
Erie to Lake Ontario
● General
William Hull's army would then march east, north of Lake Erie,
to join the second army
● The
combined force would then join with a third army from New York
War of 1812 for kids: Problems with the Plan of Campaign
The United
States plan of campaign for the War of 1812 was highly ambitious.
The British already had a small, well trained and well supplied army
in Canada and a considerable force of Native American Indian allies.
At the time of the War of 1812 there was no trained American army
and there was no established means for obtaining provisions and
supplies for the army.
The War of 1812 for kids: General William Hull
The army of
General William Hull, that had been raised in Detroit, Michigan for
the War of 1812, was
faced with an arduous march east, north of Lake Erie, to join the
second army. The march was over 200 miles of wilderness. To reach
the meeting point General Hull's men had first of all to cut a road
through the forest. The British forces descended on the scattered
detachments of the American army and seized their supplies and
provisions.
The War of 1812 for kids: Tecumseh
General William Hull was forced to send out numerous
expeditions to gather provisions and supplies and to bring in the
scattered settlers. These expeditions were attacked by Native
American Indians, allies of the British, under the leadership of
Chief Tecumseh. Chief Tecumseh was the leader of the Shawnee and a
large tribal confederacy which opposed the United States during
Tecumseh's War and the War of 1812. Chief Tecumseh, and the other
Native Indian allies of the British, captured one expedition after
another.
The War of 1812 for kids: General Hull's Surrender of Detroit
Meanwhile the British army, commanded by Important General
Isaac Brock advanced on Detroit. The Siege of Detroit of the War of
1812 lasted from
15–16 August 1812 and General Hull was forced to surrender. General
Hull's Surrender of Detroit was a disaster for the Americans as the
British gained control of over Michigan Territory and the Detroit
region. Many other Native Indians were encouraged to attack American
settlements and isolated military outposts. The British forces even
invaded Ohio during this stage of the War of 1812.
The War of 1812 for kids: Captain Perry's Warships
The
War of 1812 had therefore had a disastrous start with General Hull's
Surrender of Detroit on 16 August 1812 but the British triumph did
not last long. During the winter of 1812-1813 Captain Oliver Hazard
Perry (1785 – 1819) hastily built a fleet of 10 green timber US
warships on Lake Erie.
The War of 1812 for kids:
Captain James Lawrence
"Don't give up the ship!"
On 1 June 1813 Captain James Lawrence engaged his ship, the U.S.
frigate Chesapeake, with the British ship, HMS Shannon during the
War of 1812. Captain
James Lawrence was mortally wounded in the conflict and as the
wounded Captain Lawrence was carried below, he heroically ordered
"Tell the men to fire faster! Don't give up the ship!". Although the
USS Chesapeake was forced to surrender, Captain Lawrence's words
lived on as a rallying cry during the War of 1812.
The War of 1812 for kids: Captain Perry's
Victory on Lake Erie
(1813)
In September, 1813, Captain Oliver Perry engaged the British ships
during the War of 1812.
He had hoisted at his masthead a large blue flag with Captain James
Lawrence's immortal words, "Don't give up the ship" written on it.
The battle between the British and American ships was fiercely
fought. Captain Perry's flagship, the Lawrence, was disabled and
only 9 of her crew were left uninjured. Captain Perry rowed to
another ship to continue the fight. The Americans were victorious
and all the British ships surrendered. Captain Perry's sent a famous
dispatch to Important General William Henry Harrison after the Battle of
Lake Erie on 10 September 1813. Captain Perry's dispatch read "We
have met the enemy and they are ours-- two ships, two brigs, one
schooner and one sloop." The United States had gained control of
Lake Erie in the War of 1812.
The War of 1812 for kids:
Harrison and the Battle
of the Thames
The British
retreated from the southern side of Lake Erie. Important General William
Henry Harrison had won victories for the United States in Indiana
and Ohio and had recaptured Detroit. From Detroit Harrison led his
army north to fight the Shawnee led by Tecumseh and their British
allies. He then crossed into Canada and on October, 1813 defeated a
British army in the Battle of the Thames, during which Tecumseh was
killed.
The War of 1812 for kids: The Battle of York
The town of York was the provincial capital of Upper Canada,
standing on the north shore of Lake Ontario (present-day Toronto in
Canada) The Battle of York was fought during the War of 1812 on Tuesday, 27 April 1813 with
American forces led by Zebulon Pike who defeated the defenders
of York, under the British command of the Roger Hale Sheaffe.
The U.S.
troops burnt the city of York and homes were looted.
Revenge for these acts were later taken during the War of 1812 by the British with the
Burning of Washington DC.
The War of 1812 for kids:
General Brown's Invasion of Canada
The War of 1812 the American armies in New York had done nothing.
New American commanders were given control including General Jacob
Brown, General Macomb, Colonel Winfield Scott, and Colonel Ripley.
The American plan of campaign for this part of the War of 1812 was
that General Brown, supported by Scott and Ripley, would cross the
Niagara River and invade Canada. General Macomb, with a naval force
under Commodore Thomas McDonough, was to hold the line of Lake
Champlain. The British plan of campaign was to invade New York via
Lake Champlain. General Brown crossed the Niagara River and fought
two brilliant conflicts at the at The Battle of Chippawa on July 5,
1814 and the Battle of Lundy's Lane, also known as the Battle of
Niagara Falls, on 25 July 1814. During the Battle of Lundy's Lane
General Brown was obliged to retire and the American army fell back
to Fort Erie.
The War of 1812 for kids:
The British Campaign in
the Chesapeake
During the war of
1812 the British launched a military campaign in the Chesapeake.
Beside their military operations on the Canadian frontier, in 1814
the British tried to capture New Orleans and the cities on
Chesapeake Bay. The British landed below Washington undertake the
Burning of
Washington DC in retaliation for the burning of
York. Baltimore, located in
Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, was a key British target
during the War of 1812. The British were soundly
defeated at Fort McHenry during the Battle of Baltimore. It was at
this time that Francis Scott Key wrote the "Star
Spangled Banner." The defeat at the Battle of Baltimore
closed the British operations on the Chesapeake in the War of 1812.
The War of 1812 for kids: The British Invasion of New York,
the Battle of Plattsburg
The Battle of
Plattsburgh (6–11 September 1814), also known as the Battle of Lake
Champlain, ended the final invasion of the northern states of the
United States during the War of 1812. Sir George Prevost was the
military Commander in Chief in British North America (now part of
Canada) during the War of 1812. General Prevost marched south with
the British army from Canada, while a British fleet sailed up Lake
Champlain. The forces of Sir George Prevost met General
Alexander Macomb with a force of American soldiers at Plattsburg, on
the western side of the lake,. Anchored next to the town was
Commodore Thomas McDonough's fleet. Prevost attacked General
Macomb's army and was driven back. The British fleet attacked
Commodore McDonough's vessels and was destroyed at the Battle of
Plattsburg. George Prevost's invasion of New York was a total
failure and the British forces retreated back to Canada.
The War of 1812 for kids: The
Treaty of Ghent
The American
victories at the Battle of Baltimore and the Battle of Plattsburgh
helped to persuade British statesmen to agree to end the War of
1812, in which no decisive gains had been made by either side. The
Treaty of Ghent was signed on
December 24, 1814 between Great Britain and the United States of
America and concluded the 32 month War of 1812.
The War of 1812 for kids: The
Battle of New Orleans
The Battle of New
Orleans was the last battle of the War of 1812 and was fought after
the Treaty of Ghent was signed. News of the Treaty of Ghent
failed to reach all the American forces and General Andrew Jackson
scored a Important victory at the Battle of New Orleans on January 8,
1815.
The War of 1812:
Facts and Causes
The War of 1812
article
War of 1812 Facts
and Causes provides a fast overview and factual
history timeline on the War of 1812.
War of 1812 for kids - President James Madison Video
The article on the
War of 1812 provides an overview of one of the Important
events of his presidential term in office. The following
James Madison video will
give you additional important facts and dates about the political events experienced by the 4th American President whose presidency spanned from March 4, 1809 to March 4, 1817.
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