|
Camp David Accords
Facts for kids: The Arab-Israeli Conflict
The historical context
of the
Arab-Israeli Conflict
will help with the understanding of the history of the Middle East
and the Camp David Accords providing an overview of historical events behind the clashes
between Israel and Palestine.
Camp David Accords
Facts for kids
The following fact
sheet contains interesting facts and information on Camp David Accords.
Camp David Accords
Facts for kids
Camp David Accords
Facts - 1: Camp David a
presidential retreat located in in Catoctin Mountain
Park, Maryland about 62 miles (100 km) north of
Washington, D.C.
Camp David Accords
Facts -
2:
The 'Accords' were a series of secret negotiations and
agreements made over a period of 12 days by Egyptian
President Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Begin that
were mediated by President Jimmy Carter.
Camp David Accords
Facts - 3:
Camp David Accords were held from September 5, 1978 to
September 17, 1978 and intended as a "Framework for Peace in the
Middle East".
Camp David Accords
Facts - 4:
Although the Camp David Accords were two-sided
agreements between Egypt and Israel they also proposed a framework
for Palestinian autonomy on the West Bank and in Gaza, the
non-Egyptian territories occupied by Israel during the 1967 War.
Camp David Accords
Facts - 5: History: There were four major
wars between Israel and its neighbors, generally led by Egypt: the
1948 Arab-Israeli War, the 1956 Sinai Campaign and the
Suez Crisis, the 1967 Six-Day War and the 1973 Yom Kippur War
Camp David Accords
Facts - 6: History: In 1947
The United Nations (UN) voted to partition Palestine
establishing a Jewish state, an Arab state, and an
independent Jerusalem under a UN trusteeship. However
the Arabs opposed partition.
Camp David Accords
Facts - 7: History: The 1948
Arab-Israeli War erupted in 1948 when Israel proclaimed
its independence. There was no provision for a separate
state for Arab Palestinians. Egypt took control of the
Gaza Strip along the Mediterranean Sea, and Jordan
assumed sovereignty over the West Bank (territory
between Israel’s eastern border and the Jordan River),
including East Jerusalem.
Camp David Accords
Facts - 8: History: The 1956
Sinai Campaign and the Suez Crisis erupted erupted when
the President of Egypt, Gamal Nasser, announced the nationalization of the Anglo-French Suez Canal Company, and Egyptian troops seized control of the Suez Canal.
The Soviet Union intervened by offering to send troops
to help Egypt and the US went on to nuclear alert and to
avoid war, pressurized Britain and France to call off
the invasion.
Camp David Accords
Facts -
9: History: The Suez
Crisis resulted in the
Eisenhower Doctrine, a major commitment by the United States to
the security and stability of the Middle East and the
continuance of their fight against the increasing spread
of Communism.
Camp David Accords
Facts - 10: History: The
Six-Day War broke out in June 1967 as Israel occupied
the Golan Heights on Syrian land, on Israel’s
northeastern border, and Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula. The
Six-Day War was fought between Israel and all of its
neighboring countries of Egypt, Syria, Jordan and
Lebanon, aided by other Arab countries.
Camp David Accords
Facts -
11: History: The Yom
Kippur War of 1973 (October 6 to 25, 1973) was fought by
the coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria
(supported by USSR) against Israel (supported by USA).
In the Yom Kippur War the Egyptian Army got back Sinai
that had been occupied by the Israeli armies for almost
7 years.
Camp David Accords
Facts - 12: Between 1973-1975 US Secretary
of State Henry Kissinger engaged in ‘shuttle diplomacy’ hopping
between the capitals of Israel, Egypt and Syria. Kissinger succeeded
in negotiating "disengagement agreements" which put in place narrow
demilitarized zones between the opposing forces in the Golan
Heights, and next to the Suez Canal. However, the formal state of
war still technically existed between Israel and its Arab neighbors.
Camp David Accords
Facts - 13: Two positive events occurred
that provided hope for resolving matters in the Middle East. On 14
March 1976, Egypt terminated its treaty of friendship with the
Soviet Union. On 21 November 1977, the Egyptian President Anwar
Sadat addressed the Israeli parliament and declared that it was time
to reach a peace agreement and to settle the Palestinian question.
Camp David Accords
Facts - 14: When Jimmy Carter became US
president on January 20, 1977
he immediately began to address the problems in the Middle East.
President Carter still considered the Middle East a dangerous
flashpoint for a potential war between the United States and the
Soviet Union.
Camp David Accords
Facts - 15: The peace
negotiations between Israel and Egypt, prompted by
Egyptian President Anwar Sadat's speech to the Israeli
parliament, had reached deadlock.
Camp David Accords
Facts - 16: President Carter
stepped in and extended an invitation to a meeting
between Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and
Egyptian President Anwar Sadat at Camp David on 5
September 1978, in which he would mediate in the
discussions.
Camp David Accords
Facts - 17: The 12 day meeting
and agreements made at the US presidential retreat
became known as the Camp David Accords (5 September 1978
- 17 September 1978).
Continued...
Camp David Accords
Facts for kids
Facts
about the Camp David Accords for kids
The following fact
sheet continues with facts about the Camp David Accords.
Camp David Accords
Facts for kids
Camp David Accords
Facts - 18: Purpose: The
purpose of the Camp David Accords and agreements were based on UN Resolutions
242 and 338 to bring a peaceful solution to the issues
between Egypt and Israel and to provide “a just,
comprehensive, and durable settlement of the Middle East
conflict”
Camp David Accords
Facts - 19: After 12 days of
heated discussions and extremely difficult negotiations
mediated by President Carter, Sadat and Begin concluded
two agreements in the Camp David Accords:
● A framework for the
conclusion of a peace treaty between Egypt and
Israel
● A broader framework for
achieving peace in the Middle East
Camp David Accords
Facts - 20: The Framework of the Camp David
Accords provided for :
● A phased
withdrawal of Israeli forces from the Sinai
Peninsula
● A full return
of the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt within three years
of the signing of a formal peace treaty between the
two countries
● The right of
passage for Israeli ships through the Suez Canal
Camp David
Accords
Facts -
21: The Broader Framework of the Camp
David Accords provided for :
● Israel to
gradually grant self-government and/or autonomy to
the Palestinians in the Israeli-occupied West Bank
and Gaza Strip
● Israel to
partially withdraw its forces in preparation for
negotiations on their final status of autonomy after
a period of 3 years
● The broader
framework regarding the future of Samaria, Judea and
Gaza was not explicitly clear and was later
interpreted differently by Israel, Egypt and the
U.S.
Camp David Accords
Facts -
22: Reaction: The
reaction to the Camp David Accords varied considerably.
● In the United
States the reaction to the meeting and agreements,
brokered by President Carter were seen as a great
success
● The reaction
in Israel was positive. Most Israeli's were pleased
with the Camp David Accords but some felt that that Israel
had given up too much for an uneasy peace with
Egypt.
● Most Arab
countries disagreed with the Camp David Accords, ostracized
Egypt and expelled it from the Arab League. Many
Egyptians felt betrayed and also denounced the
treaty that weakened a unified Arab opposition
against Israel
● There was
vociferous reaction from the Palestine
Liberation Organization (PLO), professing to speak
for the Palestinian people, who declared an
"absolute rejection" of the accords
Camp David Accords
Facts -
23: Significance: The
significance of the Camp David Accords was as follows:
● The peace
negotiations between the two nations became the
first of its kind between Israel and any Arab State
● The accords
ended the state of war between Israel and Egypt
● Israel
withdrew from the Sinai Peninsula
● The
Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty was signed soon after the
accords on 26 March 1979
● Egypt became
less dependent on its Arab allies and the USSR and
more reliant on the United States
● The Nobel
Peace Prize 1978 was awarded jointly to Mohamed
Anwar al-Sadat and Menachem Begin for taking the
initiative in negotiating a peace treaty between
Egypt and Israel
Camp David Accords
Facts -
24: Consequences: An
unforeseen consequence of the Camp David Accords was the
assassination of Anwar Sadat, on October 6, 1981,
by dissatisfied Islamic extremists from within Egypt.
Camp David Accords
Facts -
25: Impact: The
foundation of diplomatic negotiations at the Camp David
Accords led to the 1991 Madrid Conference, the 1993 Oslo
Accords, and the 1994 Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace.
Camp David Accords
Facts -
26: The Camp David
Accords was itself successful and led to normalization
of diplomatic relations between Egypt and Israel. It was
the events that followed that ruined the peace
initiative. The series of Palestinian uprisings (Intifada)
against the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and
Gaza, the Lebanon War, the Gaza War and other conflicts
have led to the volatile status quo in the Middle East
that persists to this day.
Camp David Accords
Facts -
27: Just months after
the Camp David
Accords President Carter was faced with a serious crisis
in Iran, the
Iran Hostage Crisis.
Camp David Accords
Facts for kids
Camp David Accords - President Jimmy Carter Video
The article on the Camp David Accords provides detailed facts and a summary of one of the important events during his presidential term in office. The following
Jimmy Carter video will
give you additional important facts and dates about the political events experienced by the 39th American President whose presidency spanned from January 20, 1977 to January 20, 1981.
Camp David Accords
●
Interesting Facts about the Camp David Accords for kids and schools
●
Summary of the Camp David Accords in US history
●
Facts about the Camp David Accords
●
Jimmy Carter from January 20, 1977 to January 20, 1981
●
Fast, fun, Camp David Accords, a major event in his presidency
●
Foreign & Domestic
policies of President Jimmy Carter
● Jimmy Carter Presidency and
the Camp David Accords for schools,
homework, kids and children |
