Mexican Migration - Push
and Pull Factors
The main headings of the Push and Pull factors
of Mexican Migration are:
Push and Pull
Factors of Mexican Migration
Social Push and Pull factors:
In Mexico people might want
to move because their are better education and
health facilities in America or because their
relatives already live in America
Environmental Push and Pull
factors: The climate and geography
in Mexico produce natural disasters such as
tsunamis, volcanoes and earthquakes which can
be so frightening that Mexicans are desperate
to move to a safer environment
Economic Push and Pull factors:
Mexico is a relatively poor
country with low paid jobs, there are much better
employment prospects in the United States
Political Push and Pull factors:
The political situation is
stable in Mexico, but corruption is rife involving
the bribery of officials to obtain construction
permits, and the corruption of police and the
judiciary
Mexican Migration - Sources
of Facts and Information
Facts and information about Mexican Migration
can be obtained from various sources such as government
departments such as the U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. the Office
of Immigration Statistics and the Department of Homeland
Security. Independent sources of information about Mexican
Migration also include the Pew Hispanic Center project and
the Mexican Migration Project (MMP).
Mexican Migration - The Mexican
Migration Project (MMP)
The Mexican Migration Project (MMP) was created
in 1982 by a team of researchers to track patterns and processes
of recent Mexican immigration to the United States. The
Mexican Migration Project contains data gathered since 1982
in surveys administered every year both in Mexico and in
the United States. Results include Border Crossing Costs
and border crossings together with information such as the
ages, gender and occupations of Mexican migrants.
Mexican Migration - Patterns
and Trends
Mexican Migration patterns and trends have
varied enormously over the years. The changes have been
dictated by US Immigration Laws and the labor requirements
of the United States. The labor requirements of the United
States have resulted in Mexicans either being encouraged
to work in the United States in times of short labor supply
or, when the employment situation changed, actively discouraged
from working in America. An overview of some of the patterns
and trends in Mexican Migration are as explained in the
following history timeline:
Mexican Migration
- Patterns and Trends
Mexican Migration Patterns and Trends -
1880's:
Cheap Mexican Labor was required
to build the railroads in the south
Mexican Migration Patterns and Trends -
1900:
By this period the railroads
had been built and the trend was reversed
Mexican Migration Patterns and Trends -
1914:
The outbreak of WW1 (1914
- 1918) saw he pattern change again when Americans
left the country to fight in the war
Mexican Migration Patterns and Trends -
1915:
The war was over, Americans
had returned to their homes and Mexican labor
was no longer needed in such vast quantities.
In the same year US Congress authorized "Mounted
Inspectors" along the US-Mexico Border
Mexican Migration Patterns and Trends -
1929:
The
Great Depression resulted
in mass unemployment of Americans and as a result
many Mexicans were deported.
Mexican Migration Patterns and Trends -
1943:
World War Two (1939-1945)
broke out and created another labor shortage
when American men were drafted into the military.
The Bracero Program (1943 - 1965) encouraged
Mexicans to work in the United States and Mexican
migration begin to increase again
Mexican Migration Patterns and Trends -
1948:
The trend moved down and
the border patrol seized a record number of
illegal immigrants from Mexico
Mexican Migration Patterns and Trends -
1950:
Americans fought in the Korean
War (1950-1953) and there was a resurgence of
the Bracero Program and the trend went up again
Mexican Migration Patterns and Trends -
1954:
Following the Korean War
the trend changed again as Operation Wetback
came into force. During Operation Wetback the
U.S. Immigration Service deported more than
3.8 million people of Mexican heritage.
Mexican Migration Patterns and Trends -
1964:
In 1964 the Border Industrialization
Program was put into effect and the first maquiladoras
were established. A maquiladora was a factory
along the Mexican border run by a U.S. company
in Mexico to take advantage of cheap labor.
Mexican Migration Patterns and Trends -
1990 - 2010:
The Mexican foreign born
population in the United States increased significantly
from 4.2 million in 1990 to 11.7 million in
2010
Mexican Migration Patterns and Trends -
2012:
The upward trend totally
reversed as U.S. legislation on illegal immigration
was reinforced and several American states have
criminalized illegal immigration. The number
of deportations under the Obama administration
have reached record numbers.
Mexican Migration
- Patterns and Trends
Mexican
Migration Facts for kids: Fast, Fun Facts for kids
Interesting description and
fun facts with interesting info about Mexican Migration
are detailed in the following Facts Sheet. The Mexican Migration
Facts consist of a series of short, fun facts for kids providing
an overview of Mexican Migration to the United States of
America.
Mexican Migration: Fun, Facts for Kids
Mexican Migration Fact 1: Geography: Mexico-United
States border spans four US states & six
Mexican states:
● The length of
the border is 1,954 miles (3,145 km)
● The names of
the U.S. states along the border are
California, Arizona, New Mexico, and
Texas
● The names of
Mexican states along the border are
Baja California, Sonora, Chihuahua,
Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas
● There are 31
states in Mexico, plus the Federal District
Mexican Migration Fact 2:
Mexico-United States
border crossings: There are currently 45
U.S.-Mexico border crossings with 330 ports
of entry.
Mexican Migration Fact 3:
El Paso, Texas is often
described as the "Mexican Ellis Island"
in terms of Mexican Migration.
Mexican Migration Fact 4:
There are many reasons
that people want to move from their homes
and are often categorized as economic, social,
political and environmental causes. Facts
about this are described in
Push and Pull factors of Mexican Migration
Mexican Migration Fact 5:
The Mexican population
in America has increased by 50% in each
decade since 1970 , with unauthorized migrants
accounting for a majority of the growth,
followed by legal, family based immigration.
Mexican Migration Fact 6:
American political policies
and
US Immigration Laws have had a huge
influence on the number of migrants a country
receives. Temporary Mexican migration was
welcomed during WW1 and WW2 when many of
Americans were drafted into the military
Mexican Migration Fact 7:
The Bracero Program (1943
- 1965) encouraged Mexicans to work in America
and brought 5,000,000 temporary laborers
from Mexico to Work on US railroads and
farms.
Mexican Migration Fact 8:
The Emergency Quota Act
(or percentage laws) were passed in 1921.
Laws relating to ethnic quotas with per-country
limits were replaced during the civil rights
movement of the 1960s
Mexican Migration Fact 9:
The Immigration Act of
1924 established the Border Patrol to combat
smuggling and illegal immigration and Border
stations to formally admit Mexican workers.
Mexican Migration Fact 10:
The 1965 Immigration
and Nationality Act, aka the Hart-Cellar
Act, set a maximum annual level of immigration
at 300,000 visas
Mexican Migration Fact 11:
The 1986 Immigration
Reform and Control Act granted Legal Status
to qualifying Immigrants who had entered
the United States illegally before January
1, 1982
Mexican Migration Fact 12:
In 2006 the Clinton administration
saw the passing of the Secure Fence Act
authorizing fencing along the US-Mexican
Border and sanctioned the use of surveillance
technology.
Mexican Migration Fact 13:
The leading countries
of origin of immigrants to the United States
are Mexico, India, China, and the Philippines
Mexican Migration Fact 14:
Between 1991 to 2000
the United States admitted 10-11 million
legal migrants. The largest number of Americans
residing outside of the United States live
in Mexico.
Mexican Migration Fact 15:
According to the U.S.
Census Bureau the total population of the
United States is over 271 million people.
Over 40 million people in America are foreign
born.
Mexican Migration Fact 16:
By far the largest number
(over 11 million) were originally born in
Mexico followed by India, China, the Philippines
and Vietnam
Mexican Migration Fact 17:
30% of all current U.S.
immigrants were born in Mexico
Mexican Migration Fact 18:
The Mexican foreign-born
population in the United States increased
significantly over the following years
● 4,298,014 in
1990
● 9,177,487 in
2000
● 11,711,103 in
2010
This trend has now
completely reversed and migratory patterns
from Mexico to the United States have changed.
Mexican Migration Fact 19:
Since 2010, U.S. legislation
on illegal immigration has been reinforced.
Several American states have criminalized
illegal immigration. Deportations under
the Obama administration have reached record
numbers
Mexican Migration Fact 20:
The Pew Hispanic Center
project has produced a report providing
a new analysis of government data and census
results from Mexico and America
Mexican Migration Fact 21:
The Pew Hispanic Center
project report:
● Analyzes statistics
on migration
● Examine characteristics,
experiences and future intentions of
Mexican migrants
● Documents trends
in border enforcement statistics
● Reports on changing
conditions in Mexico that might affect
migration trends
● Details characteristics
of Mexican-born immigrants in the U.S.
Mexican Migration Fact 22:
Mexican Migration to
the United States consists of three main
groups of migrants:
● Lawful permanent
residents (LPR's) - a Green Card Holder
● Temporary non-immigrants
● Unauthorized
aliens
Mexican Migration: Fun, Facts for Kids
Mexican Migration: Fun, Facts
for Kids
Our
Mexican Migration facts continue with more interesting Mexican
Migration fun, facts for Kids.
Mexican Migration:
Fun, Facts for Kids
Mexican Migration Fact 23:
Many Mexicans
fall into the 'Unauthorized
aliens' category. The sheer
length and openness of the US-Mexican
border has led to immigration
taking place outside of legal
channels. According to the Pew
project report 51% (6.1 million)
of all current Mexican immigrants
are unauthorized.
Mexican Migration Fact 24:
Undocumented,
illegal immigrants from Mexico
tend to live on the margins
of society and are vulnerable
to exploitation by the people
who smuggle them across the
US-Mexican border and from unscrupulous
employers who employ illegal
immigrants.
Mexican Migration Fact 25:
The lack
of legal documentation makes
it virtually impossible to ascertain
the exact number of illegal
immigrants from Mexico
Mexican Migration Fact 27:
The people
who move from Mexico to the
United States predominantly
come from the following states:
Chiapas, Zacatecas, Oaxaca,
Guanajuato, Michoacan, Guerrero,
San Luis Potosí and Hidalgo
Mexican Migration Fact 28:
Most of the
migrants to Mexico are male
who send money (dollars) to
their families in Mexico. The
money sent by workers in the
U.S. to their country, is called
the Spanish "remesas"
Mexican Migration Fact 29:
Temporary
Legal Admissions: Foreign nationals
who are admitted to the United
States for a temporary period
of time, and for an expressed
reason, are known as non-immigrants
Mexican Migration Fact 30:
Temporary
Legal Admissions: A citizen
of Mexico who wants to enter
the United States must first
obtain a U.S. visa, which is
placed in the traveler’s passport.
Mexican Migration Fact 31:
Temporary
Legal Admissions: U.S. Visa
● Having
a visa does not guarantee
entry to the United States
● A
U.S. visa allows travel
to a land border crossing,
and request permission of
the Department of Homeland
Security (DHS), Customs
and Border Protection (CBP)
inspector to enter the United
States
● Citizens
and permanent residents
of Mexico generally must
have a non-immigrant visa
or Border Crossing Card
(also known as a "Laser
Visa").
Mexican Migration Fact 32:
Lawful permanent
residents (LPR's): An LPR is
any person not a citizen of
the United States but is legally
recognized and lawfully recorded
as a permanent residence as
an immigrant and also known
as a "Resident Alien Permit
Holder" or "Green Card Holder."
Mexican Migration Fact 33:
Green Card
Holder: The process to become
a Green Card holder (permanent
resident) varies by category
and depends on whether a person
currently lives inside or outside
of the United States. The main
categories for obtaining a Green
Card are:
● Green
Card Through Family
● Green
Card Through a Job
● Green
Card Through Refugee or
Asylum Status
Although
a Green Card is usually obtained
through a family member’s sponsorship
or a job offer there are many
other ways a Green Card may
be obtained.
Mexican Migration Fact 34:
Over 90%
of Mexican immigrants receiving
lawful permanent residence were
admitted as family-based immigrants
Mexican Migration Fact 35:
About 70%
of the migrants born in Mexico
reside in four states in America:
● California
had the largest number of
foreign-born residents from
Mexico
● Texas
● Illinois
● Arizona
Cities
with the greatest number of
migrants from Mexico are greater
Los Angeles, Chicago, and Dallas.
Mexican Migration Fact 36:
According
to the 2011 American Community
Survey (ACS) census about 24%
of Mexican immigrants were naturalized
U.S. citizens
Mexican Migration Fact 37:
The culture
and traditions of Mexico that
have have been introduced to
America, including Mexican themed
food, have helped to improve
the acceptance of migrants.
Mexican Migration Fact 38:
Sources for the above facts
and information about Mexican
Migration include the U.S. Census
Bureau, U.S. Department of Homeland
Security, Office of Immigration
Statistics and the
Pew Hispanic Center project
report
Mexican Migration: Fun, Facts
for Kids
Mexican Migration
Facts: American History for Kids - Video
of US Presidents
The article
on Mexican Migration facts provides useful
information about this important subject.
The following video will give you additional
interesting facts, history and dates about
the personal and political lives of all
the US Presidents.
Mexican Migration Facts
● Interesting Facts
about Mexican Migration for kids and schools
● Facts about Mexican
Migration in the United States
● Facts about the
Mexican Migration
● Facts on Mexican
Migration to the United States
● Fast, fun facts
about Mexican Migration to America
● Interesting Mexican
Migration Facts and info
● Interesting
Mexican Migration
facts for schools, homework, kids and children |