Haymarket Riot

Haymarket Riot for kids: The Labor Rally
The Haymarket riot happened on the rainy evening of May 4, 1886 at about 10.30pm when the last of the speakers at a labor rally were addressing the remaining crowd. Tensions were high but the rally had been peaceful. Without warning there was a deafening explosion - an anarchist had thrown a dynamite bomb into the group of police officers who were trying to disperse the crowd.

Haymarket Riot: Picture of the Haymarket Bombing
The picture of the Haymarket bombing in Chicago shows the explosion of a dynamite bomb that was thrown into a group of policemen. The bomb explodes with a frightening noise and people were temporarily blinded blinded by the blinding flash of the explosion. There was complete panic in the carnage, people lay dead, screaming and injured. The bomb killed seven men, crippled a further eleven officers for life, and injured another twelve other police officers so badly that they were unable to return to duty for a year. The Chicago police responded with indiscriminate gunfire, killing both police officers and workers in the square. The total number of people injured in the confrontation in the Haymarket Square in Chicago was nearly one hundred.

Causes of the Haymarket Riot for kids
The causes of the Haymarket Riot were:

Haymarket Riot Causes: Industrialization in America had changed the lives of Americans resulting in complex social and economic changes

Haymarket Riot Causes: The nation was experiencing a long period of economic depression

Haymarket Riot Causes: Workers resented the powerful, ruthless magnates of industry - the 'Robber Barons'

Haymarket Riot Causes: The issues of worker's rights and working conditions brought about the emergence of the Unions, strikes, protests, demonstrations and riots across the country. For addition facts refer to the article on the Labor Unions History.

Haymarket Riot Causes: On May 1, 1886, 800,000 workers from all trades and factories throughout the US went on strike in support of the eight-hour working day and to protest against child labor

Haymarket Riot Causes: Workers at the McCormick International Harvester Company in Chicago went on strike the next day, which led to the strike of 40,000 workmen in Chicago

Haymarket Riot Causes: On May 3, 1886 the Chicago police clashed with pickets at the McCormick factory and opened fire on the striking workers, killing, four and wounding many more.

Haymarket Riot Causes: A protest rally was called for the following day on May 4, 1886 at Haymarket Square.

Haymarket Riot for kids: Sunday May 2, 1886
Sunday, May 2, passed without incident. The striking workmen in Chicago were chiefly factory workers, lumbermen, brick-makers, freight-handlers and iron-workers. There were many parades and many of the leaders of the workers made speeches, some of which were highly radical. Some of the strikers favored militant protests and no doubt some of the more vocal rabble-rousers were anarchists. However, the massive majority of workers were peaceful men, taking strike action to improve the lives of their families. Strikers attempted to negotiate with the employers but the majority refused to concede to any of the striker's demands.

Haymarket Riot for kids: Monday May 3, 1886
The next day about 12,000 strikers gathered at the McCormick Reaper Works on Western Avenue, Chicago. The strikers armed with stones shattered the windows of the factory. The police arrived but the mob refused to disperse and started showering the police with stones. The policemen fired twice over the heads of the rioters and then fired directly at the rioters killing four and injuring many others. The following day would see the Haymarket Riot bombong.

Haymarket Riot for kids: Tuesday May 4, 1886
A protest rally was called on Tuesday, May 4. There were no serious conflicts between the strikers and the police but a further meeting was called in the evening at the old Haymarket Place. The meeting took place and the incendiary speeches of the militant strikers were suddenly accompanied by the explosion of a bomb. The Chicago bombing shocked the nation and marked the anarchist movement as violent and Chicago as a hotspot of labor protests and conflict.

Haymarket Riot for kids: Wednesday May 5, 1886
On Wednesday May 5, 1886  there was anger and confusion in Chicago. No one was able to identify the person who threw the bomb but Chicago police rounded up labor leaders, searched houses (without warrants) and Union newspaper offices were closed down. Hundreds of leaders of the labor movement were hauled into jail for questioning, not just in Chicago, but throughout the country. And Martial Law was declared across the nation.
 

● August Spies
● Albert Parsons
● Louis Lingg
● Adolph Fischer
● George Engel
● Oscar Neebe
● Samuel Fielden
● Michael Schwab

Judge Joseph E. Gary imposed the death sentence on seven of the men, and the eighth, Oscar Neebe, was sentenced to 15 years hard labor for their involvement in the Haymarket Riot. On November 10, 1886, the day before the executions, Governor Oglesby changed the death sentences of Samuel Fielden and Michael Schwab to life imprisonment.  On the eve of his scheduled execution, Louis Lingg committed suicide in his prison cell. His death is surrounded with mystery as he committed suicide with with a smuggled blasting cap, even thoigh he was expecting his sentence to be commuted.  The blast blew off half his face and he survived in agony for over six hours. On November 11, 1887, Samuel Fielden, Adolph Fischer, August Spies, and Albert Parson were all hung for the Haymarket Riot.

The Haymarket Riot for kids: The Pardon
The trial following the Haymarket Riot was seen as a serious miscarriage of justice and the defendant's lawyers were widely criticized for incompetence. Seven years later, in June 1893, Governor John P. Altgeld pardoned the three men who still alive and serving prison sentences. He condemned the entire judicial system that had allowed the injustice.

The Haymarket Riot: Rise of Big Business and Corporations
For additional facts and info refer to the Rise of Big Business and Corporations involving the monopolies and trusts. Learn about the wealthy industrialists referred to as the Robber Barons and the Captains of Industry and discover the Effects and Impact of Industrialization that led to Riots, Strikes and Unions.

Haymarket Riot - President Grover Cleveland Video
The article on the Haymarket Riot provides detailed facts and a summary of one of the important events during his presidential term in office. The following Grover Cleveland video will give you additional important facts and dates about the political events experienced by the 22nd and 24th President of the United States whose presidencies spanned from March 4, 1885 to March 4, 1889 and from March 4, 1983 - March 4,1897.

Haymarket Riot

● Interesting Facts about Haymarket Riot for kids and schools
● Summary of the Haymarket Riot in US history
● The Haymarket Riot, a major event in US history
● Grover Cleveland history timeline of major events
● Fast, facts on the Haymarket Riot
● Trials following the Haymarket Riot
● Grover Cleveland Presidency and the Haymarket Riot for schools, homework, kids and children